Daftar Isi

DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR v
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ix
DAFTAR ISI xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR DAN TABEL xix

BAGIAN 1  METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING (MST) 1
1.1 Fundamental Manusia dan Alam. .......................................................................1
1.2 Methods of Scientific Thinking (MST). ..................................................................3

BAGIAN 2  THE SOCIAL CONTEXT-PHENOMENON 7
2.1 Fundamental Manusia dan Alam. .......................................................................7
2.2 Fenomena Sosial Smart. .......................................................................................14

BAGIAN 3  PERSPEKTIF FILOSOFIS 17
3.1 Asumsi Ontologi. ....................................................................................................17
3.2 Asumsi Epistemologi. ...........................................................................................18
3.3 Asumsi Aksiologi. ...................................................................................................19
3.4 Perspektif Asumsi Filosofis. ...............................................................................20

BAGIAN 4 PERSPEKTIF PARADIGMA 23
4.1 Substansi Paradigma. ...........................................................................................23
4.2 Pengaruh Popper dan Kuhn. .............................................................................26
4.3 Paradigma Klasik . ..................................................................................................38
4.3.1 Positivism Paradigm. ........................................................................................38
4.3.2 Postpositivism Paradigm (Kritik Terhadap Postivism). ......................42

4.4 Paradigma Mazhab/Aliran Filsafat Fenomenologi..................................51

4.4.1 Interpretive/Constructivis Paradigm.................................................. 61

4.4.1.1 Karakteristik Penelitian Interpretivism .................................64

4.4.1.2 Kriteria Penelitian Interpretivism ........................................... 65

4.4.2 Critical Theory Paradigm............................................................................... 67

4.4.3 Pragmatic Paradigm........................................................................................ 72

4.4.3.1 Epistemologi Pragmatis.............................................................. 75

4.4.3.2 Metodologi Pragmatis................................................................. 75

4.4.3.3 Kontribusi Paradigma Pragmatisme...................................... 75

4.4.4 Postmodern Paradigm..................................................................................... 76

BAGIAN 5 PERSPEKTIF TEORETIK 85

5.1 Positivistik/Postpositivistik (Model Deduktif).......................................... 85

5.2 Teorisasi dalam Paradigma Fenomenologi (Induktif)........................... 100

5.3 Teorisasi dalam Paradigma Postmodern (Model Deduktif-Induktif)... 103

5.4 Apakah Itu Teori.................................................................................................. 104

5.5 Konfirmasi Teori.................................................................................................. 106

5.6 Literature Review.................................................................................................. 112

5.6.1 Bagaimana Mencari Sumber-sumber?.............................................. 112

5.6.2 Bagaimana Membuat Literature Review............................................. 113

5.6.3 Contoh Paragraf Literature Review....................................................... 120

5.6.4 Kesimpulan..................................................................................................... 121

5.7 Macam-macam Literature Review................................................................. 121

5.8 Laporan Literature Review................................................................................ 123

BAGIAN 6 PERSPEKTIF METODOLOGIK 125

6.1 Menentukan Metode Penelitian.................................................................. 125

6.2 Pasang-Surut Metode Penelitian................................................................. 126

6.2.1 Perkembangan Kualitatif di Indonesia.............................................. 130

6.2.2 Perkembangan Penelitian Kualitatif di Dunia................................ 131

6.3 Tantangan Metode Penelitian....................................................................... 141

6.4 Varian Metode Penelitian............................................................................... 144

6.5 Soul dan Awareness Peneliti Kualitatif........................................................ 147

BAGIAN 7 DESAIN METODE POSITIVISM 151

7.1 Desain Kuantitatif............................................................................................. 153

7.1.1 Deskriptif Kuantitatif................................................................................ 156

7.1.2 Korelasional................................................................................................... 157

7.1.2.1 Klasifikasi Korelasional Berdasarkan Jenis....................... 157

7.1.2.2 Klasifikasi Korelasional Berdasarkan Metode Pengmpulan Data 158

7.1.2.3 Karakteristik Penelitian Korelasional.................................. 161

7.1.2.4 Koefisien Korelasi....................................................................... 161

7.1.2.5 Kelebihan Penelitian Korelasional....................................... 162

7.1.2.6 Kelemahan Penelitian Korelasional..................................... 162

7.1.2.7 Beda Antara Penelitian Korelasional dan Eksperimen. 163

7.1.3 Eksperimen.................................................................................................... 165

7.1.3.1 True-Eksperimen......................................................................... 166

7.1.3.2 Quasi-Experimental.................................................................. 168

7.1.3.3 Pre-Eksperimen........................................................................... 169

7.1.3.4 Faktorial Eksperimen................................................................ 170

7.1.4 Summary Quantitative Research Design.............................................. 171




BAGIAN 8 DESAIN POSTPOSITIVISM 175

8.1 Kritik Postpositivism........................................................................................... 175

8.2 Salah Paham......................................................................................................... 176

8.2.1 Simple Research Design (SRD)................................................................. 177

8.2.2 Desain Quasi-Qualitative (QQD)........................................................... 179




BAGIAN 9 DESAIN PROSEDUR KUALITATIF 185

9.1 Beragam Desain Kualitatif.............................................................................. 185

9.1.1 Desain Verifikatif-Evaluatif.................................................................... 190

9.1.2 Desain Grounded Theory....................................................................... 194

9.1.2.1 Tiga Pendekatan Grounded Theory..................................... 197

9.1.2.2 Perbedaan Straussian GT dan Glaserian GT.................... 204

9.1.2.3 Perbedaan Analisis Data; Straussian GT dan Glaserian GT....... 208

9.1.2.4 Langkah-langkah Umum dan Pengembangan Grounded Theory............ 212

9.1.2.5 Model Lain Langkah-langkah Penelitian Kualitatif........ 228




BAGIAN 10 LIBRARY RESEARCH 233

10.1 Memahami Library Research.............................................................. 233

10.1.1 Beberapa Persoalan tentang Library Research....................... 235

10.1.2 Persyaratan Library Research.......................................................... 236

10.1.3 Format Desain Library Research.................................................... 239

10.1.3.1 Desain Umum Despriptif................................................ 239

10.1.3.2 Desain Pragmatis............................................................... 241

BAGIAN 11 ANALISIS DATA KUALITATIF 249

11.1 Analisis Data: COR Kualitatif............................................................ 249

11.2 Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP)...................................... 251

11.2.1 Catatan Harian..................................................................................... 252

11.2.2 Transkrip.................................................................................................. 254

11.2.3 Koding ...................................................................................................... 255

11.2.3.1 Jenis Pengkodean............................................................... 257

11.2.3.2 Makna Koding..................................................................... 267

11.2.3.3 Esensi Pengkodean............................................................ 267

11.2.4 Kategorisasi..........................................................................................268

11.2.5 Tema........................................................................................................... 271

11.2.5.1 Teknik-teknik Menemukan Tema.................................. 272

11.2.5.2 Apa yang Dimaksud dengan Tema ............................. 273

11.2.5.3 Menemukan Tema............................................................. 275

11.2.6 Memos...................................................................................................... 288

11.2.7 Triangulasi Hasil................................................................................... 291

11.2.8 Membangun Teori............................................................................... 291

11.2.9 Mengonfirmasi Teori.......................................................................... 292

11.2.10 Mengonstruksi Teori.......................................................................... 292

11.2.11 Memublis Teori Baru.......................................................................... 292

11.3 Data Analysis Procedure by Application (DAPA)............................ 293

BAGIAN 12 POST-QUALITATIVE 303

12.1 Inovasi Partisipatoris............................................................................ 303

12.2 Asumsi Post-Qualitative........................................................................ 305

12.3 Karakter Post-Qualitative................................................................... 307

12.4 Dialektika Post-Qualitative ................................................................. 308

BAGIAN 13 MIXED METHODS 313

13.1 Untuk Apa Mixed Methods................................................................... 313

13.2 Postmodern dan Mixed Methods....................................................... 314

13.3 Alasan dari Mixed Methods dan Salah Paham ttentang Mixeds… 316

13.4 Mixed Methods of the Future................................................................ 319

13.5 Aspek Penting dalam Merencanakan Mixed Methods.............. 320

13.6 Strategi Mixed Methods Creswell..................................................... 321

13.6.1 Strategi Eksplanatory Desain Berurutan................................. 323

13.6.2 Strategi Eksplorasi Desain Berurutan....................................... 325

13.6.3 Transformatif Desain Berurutan.................................................. 327

13.6.4 Strategi Triangulation Design Bersamaan.................................. 328

13.6.5 Strategi Embedded Design Bersamaan ...................................... 331

13.6.6 Strategi Transformative Design Bersamaan ............................. 332

13.7 Strategi Mixed Methods Leech dan Onwuegbuzie .................... 334

13.7.1 Desain Mixed Sebagian Bersamaan Setara (P1) ................... 341

13.7.2 Disain Mixed Sebagian Bersamaan Dominan (P2)............... 341

13.7.3 Desain Mixed Sebagian Berurutan Setara (P3)..................... 342

13.7. Desain Mixed Sebagian Berurutan Dominan (P4)................ 343

13.7. Desain Mixed Penuh Bersamaan Setara (F1)......................... 343

13.7.6 Desain Mixed Penuh Bersamaan Dominan (F2)................... 344

13.7.7 Desain Mixed Penuh Berurutan Setara (F3)........................... 345

13.7.8 Desain Mixed Penuh Berurutan Dominan (F4)..................... 345

13.7.9 Sistem Notasi untuk Riset Campuran........................................ 346

BAGIAN 14 DISKUSI DAN PEMBAHASAN 351

14.1 Bagian Penting ........................................................................................ 351

14.2 Result........................................................................................................... 352

14.3 Discussion................................................................................................... 353

14.3.1 Menemukan Teknik Menyajikan yang Baik............................. 354

14.3.2 Pentingnya Memahami Perbedaan............................................. 355

14.3.3 Kesimpulan............................................................................................. 355

BAGIAN 15 LAPORAN PENELITIAN 357

15.1 Style Penulisan Laporan Penelitian................................................. 357

15.2 Format Laporan Penelitian................................................................. 359

15.2.1 Format Laporan Kuantitatif............................................................ 359

15.2.2 Format Laporan Desain Sederhana............................................ 361

15.2.3 Format Laporan Desain Quasi-Qualitative............................... 362

15.2.3 Format Laporan Desain Kualitatif Induktif: Konstruktivis/Interpretif 364

15.2.4 Format Laporan Desain Kualitatif Induktif: Advokasi/ Partisipatori ….. 365

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 369

APENDIKS A 381

APENDIKS B 401

APENDIKS C 421

GALOSRIUM 439

INDEKS 443

TENTANG PENULIS 447