DAFTAR ISI

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION vii

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xi

TABLE OF CONTENT xiii

CHAPTER 1: COMMUNICATION IN HUMANS” SOCIAL LIFE 1

The Word “Communication” Defined 1
Human Communication Systems 5

CHAPTER 2: LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS 29

The Word “Language” Defined 29
The Origin of Language 36
Language and Linguistics 41

CHAPTER 3: UNDERSTANDING PHONETICS 47

The Word “Phonetics” Defined 47
The Production of Segmental Sounds 53
The Production of Supra-segmental Sounds 65

CHAPTER 4: UNDERSTANDING PHONOLOGY 71

The Word “Phonology” Defined 71
Sounds Patterns: Contrastive and Non-Contrastive Sounds 76
Phonological Rules 83

CHAPTER 5: UNDERSTANDING MORPHOLOGY 93

The Word “Morphology” Defined 94
Word Structures: Morphemes 98
Word Pattern: Inflections 105
Productive Word Formation 136

CHAPTER 6: UNDERSTANDING SYNTAX 169

The Word “Syntax” defined 170
The Concept of Sentence in Approaches to Syntax 172
The Structure of Sentences 179

CHAPTER 7: UNDERSTANDING SEMANTICS 187

The Word “Semantics” Defined 188
Meaning in Words, Phrases, and Sentences 189
Interpretation of Words, Phrases and Sentences 202

CHAPTER 8: LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING 209

The Basic Concept of English Language Teaching and Its Current Trend 209
English Language Teachers’ Needs for Linguistics 213

REFERENCES 239

ABOUT THE AUTHOR 253